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Reliability of piston internal combustion engines as a part of aircraft propulsion system is important. Therefore, each new or modified engine must be tested before achieving permission to fly. In the case of the engine in process of certification, CS-E regulations of the European Aviation Safety Agency specify the required test conditions. General aviation aircrafts equipped with piston engines have a service ceiling up to 6000 m amsl (above mean sea level), but the most common operation altitudes vary from 300 to 3000 m amsl. During the flight, the engine runs in a variety of weather conditions due to the altitude change. A temperature, pressure and humidity variation occurs. An example of the impact of these parameter changes may be the case of induction icing in the engine that was the cause of 6% of all weather accidents in the US in the years 1990-2000. Testing a prototype engine during the flight is expensive and requires obtaining special permissions. A solution would be the ability to test them in similar to flight conditions on a test bench. The article describes the atmospheric parameters in which aircraft engine operates and provides an analysis of testing conditions in certification process regulations. That was followed by thermodynamic and energetic analysis of the Hermetic Aircraft Engine Dynamometer concept, which would allow aircraft engine to be tested in operating conditions: the reduced pressure and temperature, as well as weather conditions such as rain or icing.