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Certifying and accurately monitoring CO2 emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles is a necessary step in order to move towards a sustainable transport sector. CO2 emissions from HDVs are not expected to drop significantly in the years to come since the transport demand forecasts show an increasing trend. Several world markets have already taken steps in this direction, and in parallel adopted or are considering the adoption of CO2 emission targets for the Heavy Duty sector. For these purposes, a monitoring method has been developed and recently adopted in Europe, which is based on vehicle simulation. The presentation will attempt a summary of the initiatives adopted to-date worldwide in the field of Heavy Duty CO2 emissions monitoring and the approach chosen by each of the main world markets (EU, US, Japan and China) to overcome them will be compared. The presentation will also touch upon the topic of how to include vehicles with hybrid powertrains in the certification procedure, describing and comparing existing options for testing the emissions and fuel efficiency performance and examining the opportunities for developing a unique certification procedure for all powertrains.