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Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine by implementing the idea of downsizing /rightsizing is one of the trends of development in automotive sector. At the same time, the assumptions of the sustainable development of transport means are fulfilled, the dominant among which is the specific energy consumption of the vehicle movement, understood as the value of the energy contained in the fuel necessary to move a certain mass of the vehicle along a selected road section. The authors undertook, through an extensive evaluation of various vehicle operating data, determine the relationship between the degree of change in the displacement volume of the motors driving the cars tested and energy consumtion of their movement. Five passenger vehicle segments were selected for the study, in which five groups of spark-ignition engines with different displacement volumes were identified. Six subgroups with different volumetric power index were also identified. A total of over 19,000 records were examined, assessing the partial and cumulative distance traveled, as well as carbon dioxide emissions resulting fuel consumption. Based on the research material, the significance of the relationship between the degree of downsizing / rightsizing and the energy needs of the vehicle motion was demonstrated. The correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and energy intensity was also assessed, obtaining a strong positive relationship between these parameters.