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The analysis of fuel injection processes in diesel engines showed the convergence of physical parameters affecting the mean diameter of the Sauter SMD (selected as a spray quality parameter) of the atomized fuel droplets and the parameters of the acoustic signal emission, originating from the spring waves accompanying the atomization process. In experimental studies, the laser diffraction method was used to measure the atomization quality with the Malwern Spraytec device. For the acoustic signal recording and processing was used the measurement set with a Kiestler’s sensor. The correlation between the values of the Sauter diameter and the energy of the acoustic signal has been obtained, on the basis of which a method has been developed to assess the quality of fuel atomization in compression ignition engines by measuring the acoustic signal recorded during the fuel injection process.