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Nanofluid is a suspension consisted of the base liquid and metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles with sizes significantly smaller than 100 nm. Despite the small share of nanoparticles - from a few ppm to several percent of volume or mass concentration, the nanofluids exhibit completely different thermophysical properties than the so-called base fluids. In recent years, attempts have been made to produce engine fuels that are mixtures of liquid fuels and nanoparticles. The studies were primarily concerned with diesel-based nanofuels although some attempt were made to fabricate and test the gasoline based nanofuels. The paper presents comparison of compression ignition engine performance fuelled with neat diesel and nano-diesel. Alumina (Al2O3) was used as nanoparticles. Surface-active substances, including Span 80 surfactant, as well as water admixture were used to improve the stability of the produced fuel. Measurements of the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the produced mixtures were conducted. In this study was used naturally aspirated, water cooled, four-stroke diesel engine. Addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles result in 4% reduced fuel consumption, addition of TiO2 nanoparticles result in 10% reduced fuel consumption with respect to neat diesel fuel.